\chapter{Large Model Modifications}\label{app:largemodel}

The changes are to support the storage of larger models. There are two
pieces of this. The first is the setting of the type of netcdf file
that will be created; either one with 32-bit offsets or one with
64-bit offsets. This can be specified in a couple ways:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Pass the \param{EX_LARGE_MODEL} flag in the mode argument to \cfuncref{ex_create}.
\item Set the environment variable \code{EXODUS_LARGE_MODEL}\index{Environment
Variable!EXODUS_LARGE_MODEL}\index{EXODUS_LARGE_MODEL}.
\end{enumerate}

If either of these are set, then the library will pass the
\param{NC_64BIT_OFFSET} flag to the netcdf library. See the netcdf library
documentation for more details.

The other change is to reduce the size of some of the datasets in an
exodusII library. Even with the netcdf changes, the maximum dataset
size is still 2GB. To reduce the size of the datasets, the nodal
coordinates and the nodal variables have been split to store by
component.
\begin{itemize}
\item The old behavior stored all x, y, and z coordinates in a single
dataset; in the new behavior, each component is stored separately --
there is a coordx, coordy, and coordz dataset.

\item The nodal variables used to be stored in a single blob of dimension
(\#times, \#nodes, \#variables). This has now been split into
\#variable datasets of size (\#times, \#nodes).
\end{itemize}
These two changes increase the maximum model sizes
significantly. Prior to the change, the maximum number of nodes that
could be stored in the coordinate dataset was about 90 Million nodes;
the new storage permits 270 Million nodes in double precision. The old
model was more restrictive if there were multiple nodal variables, but
the new storage should not depend on the number of nodal variables.

These changes were made such that the new library would create
old-style files by default and would read either old or new style
files.

An additional attribute is now written to the file. It is called
"file_size" or \param{ATT_FILESIZE}. If it is 0 or not present, then
the old format is assumed; if it is 1, then the new format is assumed.

There is also a new internal function called
\cfuncref{ex_large_model}(int exoid) which will return 1 if new
version; 0 if old version.

If the function is passed a negative exoid, then it will check the
\code{EXODUS_LARGE_MODEL}\index{Environment
Variable!EXODUS_LARGE_MODEL}\index{EXODUS_LARGE_MODEL} environment
variable and return 1 if it is defined. It also currently prints a
warning message saying that the large model size was selected via the
environment variable.

If you are using the exodusII api, then the only change to the client
application is the passing of the \param{EX_LARGE_MODEL} flag to
\cfuncref{ex_create} or the setting of the
\code{EXODUS_LARGE_MODEL}\index{Environment
Variable!EXODUS_LARGE_MODEL}\index{EXODUS_LARGE_MODEL} environment
variable. If your client application is reading the database, no
changes are needed.

\section{Internal Changes to support larger models}
If your client application bypasses some or all of the exodusII API
and makes direct netcdf calls, you will need to modify the calls. The
changes that were made are shown below along with the name of the
exodusII API function in which the changes were made.

\subsection{\cfuncref{ex_create}}
\begin{itemize}
\item Check whether the \param{EX_LARGE_MODEL} mode was set. If so, then the
mode passed to nccreate must have the \param{NC_64BIT_OFFSET} bit set. For
example, \code{"mode |= NC_64BIT_OFFSET;"}

\item Write the exodus file size
\param{ATT_FILESIZE} attribute (1=large, 0=normal):
\end{itemize}
\begin{lstlisting}
    filesiz = (nclong)(((cmode & EX_LARGE_MODEL) != 0) ||
                        (ex_large_model(-1) == 1));
     if (ncattput (exoid, NC_GLOBAL, ATT_FILESIZE, NC_LONG, 1,
                  &filesiz) == -1) ... handle errors...
\end{lstlisting}

\subsection{\cfuncref{ex_put_init}}
If writing a "large model" capable database, then the coordinates are
defined as components instead of an array. The variables are
\code{VAR_COORD_X}, \code{VAR_COORD_Y} (if 2D or 3D),
\code{VAR_COORD_Z} (if 3D). If not, define the \code{VAR_COORD}
variable as is currently done.

\begin{lstlisting}
if (ex_large_model(exoid) == 1) {
  /* node coordinate arrays -- separate storage... */
  dim[0] = numnoddim;
  if ((status = nc_def_var (exoid, VAR_COORD_X, nc_flt_code(exoid), 1,
       dim, &temp)) != NC_NOERR)
    { ... handle error }
  if (num_dim > 1) {
    if ((status = nc_def_var (exoid, VAR_COORD_Y, nc_flt_code(exoid), 1,
       dim, &temp)) != NC_NOERR)
      { ... handle error }
  }
  if (num_dim > 2) {
    if ((status = nc_def_var (exoid, VAR_COORD_Z, nc_flt_code(exoid), 1,
       dim, &temp)) != NC_NOERR)
      { ... handle error }
  }
} else {
  /* node coordinate arrays: -- all stored together (old method) */
  .... define the old way...
}
\end{lstlisting}

\subsection{\cfuncref{ex_put_coord}}
If writing a "large model" capable database, then the coordinates are
written a component at a time, otherwise write the old way as a single
blob.
\begin{lstlisting}
if (ex_large_model(exoid) == 0) {
  ... write coordinates old way...
} else {
  if ((status = nc_inq_varid(exoid, VAR_COORD_X, &coordidx)) != NC_NOERR) {
    { ... handle error }
  if (num_dim > 1) {
    if ((status = nc_inq_varid(exoid, VAR_COORD_Y, &coordidy)) != NC_NOERR) {
      { ... handle error }
    } else {
      coordidy = 0;
    }
  }

  if (num_dim > 2) {
    if ((status = nc_inq_varid(exoid, VAR_COORD_Z, &coordidz)) != NC_NOERR) {
      { ... handle error }
    } else {
      coordidz = 0;
    }
  }

  /* write out the coordinates */
  if (x_coor != NULL && coordidx != 0) {
     if (ex_comp_ws(exoid) == 4) {
	status = nc_put_var_float(exoid, coordidx, x_coor);
     } else {
	status = nc_put_var_double(exoid, coordidx, x_coor);
     }
  }
  if (y_coor != NULL && coordidy != 0) {
     if (ex_comp_ws(exoid) == 4) {
	status = nc_put_var_float(exoid, coordidy, y_coor);
     } else {
	status = nc_put_var_double(exoid, coordidy, y_coor);
     }
  }
  if (z_coor != NULL && coordidz != 0) {
     if (ex_comp_ws(exoid) == 4) {
	status = nc_put_var_float(exoid, coordidz, z_coor);
     } else {
	status = nc_put_var_double(exoid, coordidz, z_coor);
     }
  }
 }
}
\end{lstlisting}

\subsection{\cfuncref{ex_put_nodal_var}}
If the large model method, write the nodal variable data to the
correct variable; if the old method, determine the location within the
blob

\begin{lstlisting}
if (ex_large_model(exoid) == 0) {
  /* write values of the nodal variable */
  if ((status = nc_inq_varid(exoid, VAR_NOD_VAR, &varid)) != NC_NOERR) {
    ... handle error...
  }
  start[0] = --time_step;
  start[1] = --nodal_var_index;
  start[2] = 0;
  count[0] = 1;
  count[1] = 1;
  count[2] = num_nodes;
} else {
  /* nodal variables stored separately, find variable for this variable index */
  if ((status = nc_inq_varid(exoid, VAR_NOD_VAR_NEW(nodal_var_index),
      &varid)) != NC_NOERR) {
    ... handle error ...
  }
  start[0] = --time_step;
  start[1] = 0;
  count[0] = 1;
  count[1] = num_nodes;
}
if (ex_comp_ws(exoid) == 4) {
  status = nc_put_vara_float(exoid, varid, start, count, nodal_var_vals);
} else {
  status = nc_put_vara_double(exoid, varid, start, count, nodal_var_vals);
}
    ...handle error ...
\end{lstlisting}
There are similar modifications to the reading of nodal variables.
